Ke kū'ē ʻana i ke komo ʻana:ma lalo o nā kūlana like, he 10 mau manawa kūpaʻa i ke kapa ma mua o nā paipu maʻamau;
Ke kū'ē'ē i ka palaho:hiki i ka uhi keramika a me ka mea hoʻopili inorganic ke kū'ē i ka pala waikawa a me ka alkali;
Ke kūpaʻa wela waena:hiki ke holo ma 350 ℃ no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā kūlana hana maʻamau;
He laumania nā paia o loko a me waho, a he laumania ke kahe ʻana o ka ea:ʻo ka ʻili laumania e hiki ai i ka mea ke hele manuahi me ka ʻole o ke kau ʻana a me ke ālai ʻana i ka mea;
Maʻalahi e hoʻouka:ʻOi aku ka māmā o 1/3 ma mua o nā paipu maʻamau, maʻalahi e lawelawe, mālama i ka hana kanaka, maʻalahi ke hoʻouka, wikiwiki, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi i nā paipu kiʻekiʻe;
E hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kākoʻo a me nā lako kauō a mālama i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea.
| Mea | 92alumina | 95 alumina | 96alumina | 99alumina |
| Al2O3 | 92% | 95% | 96% | 99% |
| Na2O | ≤0.4% | ≤0.2% | ≤0.1% | ≤0.15% |
| K2O | ≤1.06% | ≤0.5% | ≤0.54% | ≤0.25% |
| Fe2O3 | ≤0.01% | ≤0.01% | ≤0.01% | ≤0.01% |
| SiO2 | ≤4.7% | ≤3.28% | ≤2.5% | ≤0.2% |
| Mea | 92alumina | 95 alumina | 96alumina | 99alumina |
| Ka nui (g/cm3) | ≥3.62 | ≥3.68 | ≥3.8 | ≥3.9 |
| Ka paʻakikī o Moh(Pae) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Paʻakikī Vickers(HV10) | 1200 | 1300 | 1400 | 1450 |
| Bikaika pau(Mpa) | 260 | 300 | 380 | 420 |
| Bke kūpaʻa nei(Mpa.M1/2) | 3 | 3.2 | 4 | 4.5 |
| Wnalowale o ka pepeiao | 1.6g | 1.2g | 0.7g | 0.6g |
ʻO kā mākou nui paipu he φ20-300, hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku kā mākou huahana i Australia, Chile, Peru, ʻApelika Hema, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Rusia, Iapana, Indonesia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā ʻenehana keramika pale ʻaʻahu, e hāʻawi i nā huahana kūpono a me ka lawelawe maikaʻi no kāu mau koi.